The resulting transformation subsequently becomes visible once the energy is concentrated into the final spherical stage. Some 19th-century reports[1][2] describe balls that eventually explode and leave behind an odor of sulfur. The ball appeared just after a lightning strike and traveled horizontally for about 10 meters (33 feet). Some accounts describe it as moving through solid masses of wood or metal without effect, while others describe it as destructive and melting or burning those substances. Owing to the lack of reproducible data, the existence of ball lightning as a physical phenomenon remains unproven. A crewman went out to retrieve the fallen body and was struck by a second ball, which knocked him back and left him with mild burns. [67] Atmospheric ions could pile up at the surface of a window, producing enough of an electrical field on the other side to generate a discharge. This is the only eye witness account of ball lightning forming, then staying in one area, then ending that the author has heard of.[96]. He built a lab that produces lightning level arcs, and by modifying the conditions he produced bright, small balls that mimic ball lightning and persist in atmosphere after the arc ends. In some observations, the ball lightning appeared to have an extremely high energy concentration[85] but this phenomenon hasn't been adequately verified. BL enters the room through the holes, changing its shape 5. That and other early accounts suggest that ball lightning can be deadly. They frequently appear almost simultaneously with cloud-to-ground lightning discharge, They are generally spherical or pear-shaped with fuzzy edges, Their diameters range from 1–100 cm (0.4–40 inches), most commonly 10–20 cm (4–8 inches), Their brightness corresponds to roughly that of a domestic lamp, so they can be seen clearly in daylight, A wide range of colors has been observed, red, orange, and yellow being the most common, The lifetime of each event is from one second to over a minute with the brightness remaining fairly constant during that time, They tend to move at a few meters per second, most often in a horizontal direction, but may also move vertically, remain stationary, or wander erratically, Many are described as having rotational motion, It is rare that observers report the sensation of heat, although in some cases the disappearance of the ball is accompanied by the liberation of heat, Some display an affinity for metal objects and may move along conductors such as wires or metal fences, Some appear within buildings passing through closed doors and windows, Some have appeared within metal aircraft and have entered and left without causing damage, The disappearance of a ball is generally rapid and may be either silent or explosive. On 10th of September 1845 a ball of lightning entered the kitchen of a house in the village of Salagnac in the valley of Correze. The presence of glass may generate ball lightning, according to another theory published in 2012. In 2005 an incident occurred in Guernsey, where an apparent lightning-strike on an aircraft led to multiple fireball-sightings on the ground. [24] Accounts also vary on their alleged danger to humans, from lethal to harmless. An experimental investigation of this effect, published in 2007, reported producing "luminous balls with lifetime in the order of seconds" by evaporating pure silicon with an electric arc. 20, No. While some experiments have produced effects that are visually similar to reports of natural ball lightning, it has not yet been determined whether there is any relation. In 2017, Researchers from Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, have proposed that the bright glow of lightning balls is created when microwaves become trapped inside a plasma bubble. 4441–4449. The door-frame of the room was split and the door was torn from its hinges. Ball lightning has been suggested[by whom?] Chen, C., Pakter, R., Seward, D. C. "Equilibrium and Stability Properties of Self-Organized Electron Spiral Toroids." On 6 August 1944 a ball of lightning went through a closed window in, In 1954 Domokos Tar, a physicist, observed a lightning strike during a heavy thunderstorm in. The simplest case corresponds to radial oscillations in a spherical plasma membrane. In his book Thunder and Lightning,[18] translated into English in 1875, French science-writer Wilfrid de Fonvielle wrote that there had been about 150 reports of globular lightning: Globular lightning seems to be particularly attracted to metals; thus it will seek the railings of balconies, or else water or gas pipes etc, It has no peculiar tint of its own but will appear of any colour as the case may be ... at Coethen in the Duchy of Anhalt it appeared green. The visual effect can be described as small glowing, sparkling orbs that roll around a surface. "Ball Lightning Explanation Leading to Clean Energy." [citation needed] St. Elmo's fire arises when a sharp conductor, such as a ship's mast, amplifies the atmospheric electric field to breakdown. The study also showed that the rapidly changing magnetic field of a close lightning flash is strong enough to excite the neurons in the brain. In 2018 quantum physicists demonstrated a synthetic, knotted magnetic field that mirrors and possibly helps explain ball lightning. Using one of the world's fastest cameras, a National Geographic explorer attempts to capture the birth of a lightning bolt. Both cameras were equipped with slitless spectrographs. [74] The latter ionizes the local air and the radiation pressure evacuates the resulting plasma, forming a spherical plasma bubble that stably traps the radiation. [71][72], The Handel Maser-Soliton theory of ball lightning hypothesizes that the energy source generating the ball lightning is a large (several cubic kilometers) atmospheric maser. As the microwaves ionize the surrounding air, their associated pressure may then evacuate the resulting plasma to form a bubble that "stably traps the radiation". These plasmas appear to originate due to more than one set of weather and electrically charged conditions, the scientific rationale for which is incomplete or not fully understood. (At the very least, observations would differ substantially. Ball lightning has been described as transparent, translucent, multicolored, evenly lit, radiating flames, filaments or sparks, with shapes that vary between spheres, ovals, tear-drops, rods, or disks.

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