Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The disease has progressed from the lower branches up to about the lower third of the tree. Use enter to activate. The following menu has 3 levels. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. In Photos 4 and 5, you can see the same tree, two years later, from the same aspects showing more branch death. Many of the lower branches showing only needlecast in 2009 are now dead. Cytospora canker, caused by the fungus Cytospora kunzei (also known as Valsa kunzei var. Other hosts include white, black, Engelmann, Sitka, and Serbian spruce; Austrian, mugo, Eastern white, and Japanese red and black pine, as well as Douglas-fir and Siberian fir. Photo 1. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. Browse the curated collection and add your voice! For all trees showing symptoms, remove (when feasible) dead branches, fallen needles, and cones under the tree to prevent further infections. Clean tools thoroughly and disinfect with rubbing alcohol, a 10% bleach solution or comparable disinfectant after each cut when pruning out diseased wood. In moist conditions, the fungus inside older needles produces black fruiting structures (pycnidia) that appear as distinct rows of black, pinhead-size dots. Another option is that these pathogens have changed or mutated and have become more aggressive. The pesticide information presented in this publication is current with federal and state regulations. White Spots on Blue Spruce. Have tree and plant questions? MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Within a submenu, use escape to move to top level menu parent. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. This information is for educational purposes only. The fungal spores (conidia) are the principal means by which the disease spreads to other branches, entering through bark wounds and injuries. Another possibility is the stressor being another disease-causing pathogen, such as the traditional needlecasting pathogen Rhizosphaera or the newly introduced fungus that grows on the needles called Stigmina or an attack by both. These fruiting structures emerge through needle pores (stomata), either before or after the needles have dropped. Dr. Fulbright's work is funded in part by MSU's AgBioResearch. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement made by The Morton Arboretum. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. We have provided here some photos of the same tree at two different times. This time the photo was taken in mid-July 2011. The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. A close up view (Photo 6) shows discolored needles, branches devoid of previous years’ needles (needlecasting), and dead branches. It is well known that diseases that cause needles to cast or drop off can ultimately lead to the death of trees. Our communities. West aspect of tree. This is an important means of diagnosing Cytospora canker; however, resin flow can also be associated with other tree injuries and is not exclusively symptomatic of Cytospora canker. You can search, browse, and learn more about the plants in our living collections by visiting our BRAHMS website. Check out the MSU Landscape and Nursery Management Certificate Program! Photo 5. Colorado blue spruce is particularly susceptible and can be severly damaged by this disease. Sometimes infection will start on branches in the middle of a tree, creating defoliation “holes” among healthy branches. Infected trees are weakened substantially, but are rarely killed. These needles change from yellow, to brown, or purplish-brown and eventually fall off the tree. Would you try to find and reduce the stress or use fungicide applications across the state to control the problem? Get expert help from The Morton Arboretum Plant Clinic. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. Our future. Photo 4. This can be seen with a hand lens or by the unaided eye. A third fungus has also been isolated from the branches, but identification will take at least another week. Cytospora canker rarely affects trees less than 15 to 20 years old. This week in our laboratory we determined that two different pathogens, Phomopsis and Sphaeropsis (better known as Diplodia) can be found on the dead and dying branches of these trees. Blue spruce trees are susceptible to an infectious needle disease caused by the fungus Rhizosphaera. Chemical control is not useful in controlling this disease. Improving soil quality will reduce stress. The progression is occurring rapidly and the tree has lost its aesthetic value in the landscape. Close up of lower branches on the 2011-photographed tree showing the total involvement of the lower branches. East aspect of tree. Avoid pruning or working around trees when foliage, twigs, and branches are wet because water disperses the fungal spores. Prune surrounding plants to promote better air circulation and keep plants well watered, especially in periods of drought, to alleviate stress. A conifer that is losing its needles loses the ability to photosynthesize sugars used for the health of the tree. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Water well in dry periods and provide adequate moisture in late fall before the ground freezes. This disease can be frustrating because severe defoliation can occur quite rapidly and without indication that the disease is even present. Dennis W. Fulbright, Mursel Catal, Sara Stadt and Jill O'Donnell, Michigan State University Extension, Department of Plant Pathology -
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