2020. the relationship between urine fluoride levels and IQ scores was significant after adjusting for child age, mother’s education, family member smoking, stress, and anger. (2) The areas have similar nutritional status and both have middle class socioeconomic status (although Sachana is slightly poorer). It was found that alleles of the COMT gene were codominantly inherited, and the activity of different genotypes of the COMT gene expressed in vivo was somewhat different. “Comparison of mean IQ of children in both high (76.20 ± 19.10) and low F (85.80 ± 18.85) areas showed a significant difference (, “Fluoride in the drinking water was significantly related with the IQ of children. No difference in IQ among the 4 to 8 year olds, a slight (non-significant) reduction in IQ among the 9 year olds (who were exposed to fluoride during fetal development), and a significant reduction among the 10 year olds (who were exposed during fetal development and their first year of life). The reason for this is that the dental fluorosis patients in our investigation were mainly concentrated in the suspected fluorosis group, and patients with other levels of severity only made up 50% of the total number of patients, with only six child patients with moderate dental fluorosis and no child patients with severe clinical fluorosis. (1) Children included in study had normal birth history, were permanent residents in the region of study, had no history of trauma to the head, no history of chronic illness, not on medication. F levels in tap water mean concentrations for each trimester were: 2.6 ±1.1 mg/l, 3.1 ±1.1 mg/l and 3.7 ±1.0 mg/l respectively. And we have been drinking that poison for years,” echoing an anti-fluoride theory famously satirized in the 1964 flick Dr. Strangelove. However, the AWM declined with an increase in the fluoride concentration in water. (B) A greater percentage (30%) of children in endemic area have low IQ (, “In summary, although diminished intellectual ability can result from a multitude of factors (both innate and acquired) that influence neural development and cell division in the cerebrum, the comparison conducted in this study of two areas where the other environment factors are basically the same shows clear differences in IQ, and it [is] probable that this difference is due to a high fluoride environment.”. In the absence of any benefit from fluoride consumption in the first six months, it is prudent to limit fluoride exposure by using non-fluoridated water or water with lower fluoride content as a formula diluent. (A) Significantly lower operation score on IQ test in high F area (48-54) versus low F area (52-59), p < 0.01. The AWM for the children whose household water had low fluoride had higher AWMI 122.58±19.9 compared to those whose household had high fluoride in the with ANOVA F (2, 266) = 17.968, p?.0001 and Tukey HSD for low and medium (m=-5.919, se=3.146, p=.145, low and high fluoride, (m=-18.559. This indicates that early, long-term exposure to excess fluoride causes deficits in memory, attention, and reaction time, but 12–13 year-old children with only recent exposure show no major effects. Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-III at 3–4 years. All children had grown up drinking well water in their home village. Millions of children including adults around the world are affected by higher level of fluoride concentration through their drinking water and are therefore potentially at risk. Charora (Group A) had low fluoride (0.60 ppm) village, Farah (Group B) had medium fluoride level (1.70 ppm), and Raya (Group C) had the highest concentration of fluoride in water used for consumption (4.99 ppm). Statistical analysis (Z test) demonstrates that there is a significant (Z = 2.59) difference in IQ among the high- and low-F area student.”, “[S]tudents of the study area have less IQ than students of non-contaminated area, demonstrating that consumption of F also has a major role with the intellectual development of. “65 mother-infant pairs recruited from 2013 to 2014. Between the ages 3 and 4 years at testing, Self-reported maternal daily fluoride intake from water and beverage consumption available for 400 pregnant women. (C) Rate of high IQ (>120) is lower in high-fluorosis area (3.85%) and light-fluorosis area group (6.91%) than non-fluorosis area (10.74%) (no p value given). In addition, the factors that influence the intelligence level of children are multivariate, and the mechanisms are complex, with fluorosis possibly only being one of many factors. Valdez Jiménez L, López Guzmán OD, Cervantes Flores M, Costilla-Salazar R, Calderón Hernández J, Alcaraz Contreras Y, Rocha-Amador DO. Moreover, age and sex matched controls were selected from the [low-fluoride area].”, “We observed reduced AChE activity in [the high fluoride area] which may be directly correlate[d] with the reduced intelligence score of the subjects.”, 39 male children (19 from high-fluoride area; 20 from control area). The scores below 85 points indicated a possible developmental delay.”, “After adjusting for potential confounding factors (gestational age, age of child, marginalization index and type of water for consumption), the MDI [Mental Development Index] showed an inverse association with F levels in maternal urine for the first (b = -19.05. Inclusion criteria were: 12 weeks of gestation, with no history of thyroid disease, without clinically diagnosed diabetes, and a minimum 5 years of residence in the study area.”. (3) Sites are not exposed to known neurotoxins (e.g. (B) Rate of children with low IQ (<69) greater in endemic area (10.38%) than in control area (4.24%) (“high statistical significance”, but no p value given). (2) Children with bone and joint deformities or nervous system symptoms were excluded from study. . 33.8% of women reported drink tap water and 78.4% use it for cooking. severe = 2.66+1.09 mg/L (A) Average IQ of children with dental fluorosis in high-fluorosis area and light-fluorosis areas is lower than children in non-fluorosis area, p<0.01. 100 children (50 children from high-fluoride area; 50 children from control area). Strengths of our study include using urine fluoride as an internal exposure index and thus minimizing the measurement error of exposure, adjusting up to 30 potential confounding covariates including child age and gene polymorphismin regressing IQ on urine fluoride in children, and careful modeling with applications of cross-validation, bootstrap techniques, and sensitivity analysis. In the high-F region, 57.8% had scores indicating mental retardation (IQ <70) or borderline intelligence (IQ 70–79), while this figure was only 10% in the low–F region.”, “The study found that children residing in a region with a high drinking water F level had lower IQs compared to children living in a low drinking water F region (p<0.001). The most recent Chinese study on fluoride & the brain was posted on PubMed just last week. … significant correlations undoubtedly exit between the drinking water F level and the schooling performances in all the subjects except for one, technology, which might be due to the nature of the subject. “Though there was a trend in our study towards lower IQ in a greater number of children from high F village than in the low F village, probably the small sample size of the present study failed to establish a statistically significant difference.”. “In this study, on comparison of children at two locations according to IQ grades [Table/Fig-4], majority of the children (74.8%) living in low fluoride area had an IQ grade 2 (definitely above the average in intellectual capacity). In this study there’s a highly significant decrease in average IQ level in group of children with high fluoride level more than 1.5 mg /dL than the group of children with low fluoride level less than 1.5 mg /dL with the mean IQ was (96.25 ± 19.63) and (103.11 ± 28.00) for both groups respectively with p value (p<0.001), the graphical representation of the observation is shown in Figure 2. This study found that in COMT gene polymorphism, there was no difference between children in the endemic fluorosis area and those in the non-endemic fluorosis area (P >0.05). When will it be enough to convince policymakers to change course? “The intelligence development of children in coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis area is significantly delayed. A comparison of the AWM (Auditory Working Memory) of children from low (105.40±23.6) and high (99.52±23.2) fluoride schools and medium with high fluoride school had significant differences. Each increase in 1 mg/L of urine F was associated with 0.59 point decrease in IQ (p=0.0226). A 1-mg higher daily intake of fluoride among pregnant women was associated with a 3.66 lower IQ score (95% CI, -7.16 to -0.14) in boys and girls. 571 children randomly selected from endemic and non-endemic fluorosis areas in Tianjin. Singh VP, Chauhan DS, Tripathi S, Kumar S, Gaur V, Tiwari M, Tomar A. Xu K, An N, Huang H, Duan L, Ma J, Ding J, He T, Zhu J, Li Z, Cheng X, Zhou G, Ba Y. Lou D, Luo Y, Liu J, Zheng D, Ma R, Chen F, Yu Y, Guan Z. Sudhir KM, Chandu GN, Prashant GM, Subba Reddy VV. .
No significant differences were found in the potential confounding factors of educational, economic, social, cultural, and general demographic characteristics between the high- and low-F regions. 81430076), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 96 children from each of the three fluoride water levels above, for a total of 288.
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