We use "must have", "can't have" and "might have" in the same way as the present perfect - the action we are describing happened, or did not happen, in the past and is still true in the present. VS. To form a contract, a party must have the legal capacity to do so. The categories of legal person (which includes natural persons) which don’t have legal capacity are: bankrupts; minors (subject to the Minors' Contracts Act 1987) individuals operating under a mental disability (at common law) companies which have not yet been formed, and Drivers must not make unsafe lane changes. To expand on his answer a bit, “must” is one of English’s modal verbs. Must Summary Chart Mustn't. Hi, I'm completely confused as to how to use must and must have been. That must have been interesting. Must - English Grammar Today - a reference to written and spoken English grammar and usage - Cambridge Dictionary Are both of these grammatically correct and they both apply to something that is thought to be lost in the mail? In American English, have to is more common. In American English have to is the normal form. Here are sample sentences: The mail must be lost in the mail. The mail must have been lost in the mail. A strong recommendation. Please provide me with some clarification on this. The ice cream here is delicious. She must have been at home - her car was there. Mark Kappe is correct. MUST – NECESSITY; Must expresses an opinion about what needs to be done in the present or future, and is based on one's personal sense of what is right and what is wrong. Obligation. Both are depending on how they're used. The first is an appropriate response to someone who has just finished telling you a story about something in the past that exhausted them. "must have": we believe the action definitely happened. Something that is highly recommended (stronger than using should) We really must get together for dinner sometime. (present tense) Each of the drivers had to file an accident report. You must see the new Peter Jackson movie, it's fantastic. British English often makes a distinction between them. Necessity. You must try some. We must/have to build up a strong army to defend the country. Must and have to can both be used to talk about necessity. The second is for the present moment. The passengers in the car must have been extremely frightened. Both must and have to can be used to talk about obligation. 5. Modal verbs are a special category of helping verbs that we use to express possibility, capability, intention, obligation, permission, and futurity. "She must have left the house by now; it’s nearly 11 o'clock."

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