COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. At present, the risk of congenital anomalies constitutes a compelling argument against human reproductive cloning. Because the risks associated with reproductive cloning in humans introduce a very high likelihood of loss of life, the process is considered unethical. The American bioethicist Leon Kass,…, >cloning. In addition, it is important to many philosophers and policy makers that women and couples not be exploited for the purpose of obtaining their embryos or eggs. 2008 Feb;22(2):130-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00603.x. Human cloning may refer to “therapeutic cloning,” particularly the cloning of embryonic cells to obtain organs for transplantation or for treating injured nerve cells and other health purposes. 2005 Mar;10 Suppl 1:50-5. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62206-7. J Med Ethics. Linacre Q. A fundamental argument is that cloning is ethically wrong and various religious groups have rejected it saying that cloning is equivalent to 'playing God'. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. | Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. Those who are opposed to therapeutic cloning believe that the technique supports and encourages acceptance of the idea that human life can be created and expended for any purpose. Black Friday Sale! J Med Ethics. Bioethics. Discussion (day 1 session 3): Moral philosophy of human reproductive cloning. This news quickly spread around the world causing both excitement at the possibilities that cloning techniques could offer, as well as apprehension about the ethical, social and legal implications should human reproductive cloning become possible. …have arisen in connection with cloning and stem cell research. Reprod Biomed Online. Concerns about eugenics, the once popular notion that the human species could be improved through the selection of individuals possessing desired traits, also have surfaced, since cloning could be used to breed “better” humans, thus violating principles of human dignity, freedom, and equality. Human reproductive cloning remains universally condemned, primarily for the psychological, social, and physiological risks associated with cloning. | II. Cloning and adoption: a reply to Levy and Lotz. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2008 Aug;34(8):619-23. doi: 10.1136/jme.2007.021980. | 2016 May;83(2):179-191. doi: 10.1080/00243639.2016.1180773. Objections that appeal to the child's interests are, in turn, of two main kinds: consequentialist and deontological. Human reproductive cloning came to the public’s attention when Dolly, a sheep, was cloned in Scotland in 1997. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Reproductive cloning combined with genetic modification. Human reproductive cloning and reasons for deprivation. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. The United Kingdom, through its Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, issues licenses for creating human embryonic stem cells through nuclear transfer. It is argued that freedom to use cloning is a form of procreative freedom and, as such, deserves respect. 2005 Nov;31(11):654-8. doi: 10.1136/jme.2004.011189. The article explores whether reproductive cloning could be ethically justifiable if, at some future time, cloning becomes possible without an elevated risk of anomalies. Overview of the potential use of cloning in conservation of species. In addition, as demonstrated by 100 failed attempts to generate a cloned macaque in 2007, a viable pregnancy is not guaranteed. Many of these supporters believe that therapeutic and research cloning should be not only allowed but also publicly funded, similar to other types of disease and therapeutics research. In 2005 the United Nations passed a nonbinding Declaration on Human Cloning that calls upon member states “to adopt all measures necessary to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life.” This does provide leeway for member countries to pursue therapeutic cloning. Ethical aspects of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA transfer. Some individuals and groups have an objection to therapeutic cloning, because it is considered the manufacture and destruction of a human life, even though that life has not developed past the embryonic stage. The cloning debate has involved scientists, lawmakers, religious leaders, philosophers and international organizations, but has not always ended amicably. All of the objections that have been raised against human reproductive cloning fall under three main categories: those that appeal to the interests of the child, those based on consequences for society, and those arising from teleological views.
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