Located in the Caribbean Sea southeast of Florida, and south of Cuba, Jamaica was once a British colony. In the vast majority, the people of Madagascar continue to trust in folk medicine over modern science. Image by Joao Carlos Medau, Wikimedia Commons. Industry suffers from the lack of skilled laborers, so poverty among those unskilled continues to be reality, although less so than ten years ago. Statistically Haiti has barely one percent of the nurses per population that the United States does. Zambia has struggled economically during its history, but recently has improved and exports (including hydroelectric power, mining, mineral, and especially agricultural products) are a major source of income. Life expectancy is higher than that of the United States, and one region is known for its centenarians. With a rich and diverse population, on a larger than first appears land mass, (the eight largest country in the world), Argentina has more roots in Europe than many Latin American countries. Communicable diseases are on the rise, although immunization for childhood diseases is adequate. Registered nurses with experience can make up to $62.000. Only one of three Ugandans are literate even though, in theory, education is obligatory and attempts to follow a British standard. Unlike other African countries, Ethiopia was never conquered by any European powers and has maintained its status as an independent nation. Health care is very limited, but has improved with the use of childhood immunizations; still, access to care is still inadequate. Severe political unrest was followed with military coups to place persons in power and attempts were made to maintain power through massive genocide; the most infamous was Idi Amin. Chile has deep natural harbors which facilitate international trade, and because it is six months ahead, or behind, of the northern hemisphere, Chile can provide “in season” produce when it is least available and most expensive in the north. Life expectancy is just over 50 years; infant mortality is high. Nurses in California received the best salary, particularly those in the San Francisco and San Jose area. For a number of reasons, basic health provision is very challenged, and the infant mortality rate is among the highest throughout Latin America. Therefore, even though nearly half of Chileans consider health care the nation’s top priority, there are important disparities in access. Maternal and perinatal deaths are too high, and the disparity of health care provision is a major concern for those responding. Home of Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, Nepal has enjoyed a history of stable governments, but healthcare needs in Nepal are enormous. Agricultural and mineral resources, plus growing industrial strength provide the means for education and a highly literate population with science and technology thriving as well. Located on the northwest “corner” of South America, adjacent to Panama in Central America, Colombia has a rich and also tragic history. Political unrest lasted about 30 years from about 1960 until 1990, but since then Chile has been stable and prosperous. Both a dry and a rainy season provide seasonal variation, but generally the climate is tropical. However, as recently as a decade and a half ago, the nurse/population ratio was a mere one-fourth of the WHO recommendation. Easily identified as a triangular-shaped area of land east of Africa, India has a population of over 1.2 billion persons. Every BSN program requires clinicals and nursing internships, and many programs include the opportunity to study abroad to meet those requirements.There are also numerous nursing scholarships that include global service. In addition, more than 2 million Rwandans fled as refugees. Although the population is about 45,000,000, nearly one half of those persons are under 15 years of age, contributing to a significant shortage of healthcare for children.The availability of potable water is limited to about half of the population, and even less have sanitary waste disposal. Jamaica did not experience the political upheavals that other former British Colony nations experienced. With a national health insurance covering 90% of the population, and increased spending for health, there is a marked decrease in the infant mortality. Sierra Leone reached popular prominence in the US around the turn of the century, when its brutal civil war became international news. Ecuador also includes the famous Galapagos Islands, which are noteworthy because of the unique species found there. Because of improvements, provision of adequate preventative and curative health care has been a successful priority in the past decade and a half, and is available for all persons, though indigenous people in the remote areas of the Andes suffer from limited access. With a long history of internal political instability, as well as outside intervention, a prime location for natural disasters, especially hurricanes and earthquakes, a high population density lacking public health provision, and a lack of local industry, Haiti has not been able to provide advanced education for most of its citizens. Currently it is governed by a presidential system with power concentrated in the president, although there is a representative body as well. Image byLucy Milmo/DFID, Wikimedia Commons. Countries are ordered from the highest shortage to the least. Although those statistics in numbers may not reflect current reality, the trends are still valid. Preschool through university is also included, and total spending is over 15% of the gross national product. Unfortunately, the only public health concern showing significant improvement is the HIV/AIDS infection rate which has dropped significantly in the past three decades. The nurse/population ration has improved dramatically during this time, from less than 5/10,000 in about 1998 to 18/10,000 in 2008. Countries reporting more than 23 health workers (doctors, midwives, and nurses) per 10,000 population are not listed. Nurses are in high demand because of their ability to complete many primary care services. Populated some eight centuries before Columbus landed there in 1492, the Dominican Republic is one of two island nations, sharing the island of Hispaniola with Haiti.
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